What ensures agencies consider the environment before significant actions are taken?

Environmental Assessments (EAs) and Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) are two crucial processes designed to ensure that federal agencies take environmental factors into account before undertaking significant actions that could affect the environment. These processes are guided by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which mandates that federal agencies assess the potential environmental impacts of their proposed projects and consider alternatives.

An Environmental Assessment serves as a preliminary analysis to determine whether a full Environmental Impact Statement is required. It evaluates potential environmental effects and helps agencies make informed decisions. If significant impacts are anticipated, an EIS must be prepared, providing a more comprehensive evaluation, including public involvement and various alternatives to the proposed action. This detailed examination facilitates informed decision-making by both the agencies and the public.

The emphasis on EAs and EISs stems from the critical need for agencies to disclose environmental consequences and seek mitigation measures. This process also enhances transparency and public participation, allowing stakeholders to contribute to the environmental review process.