What does the NEPA review process require following a federal agency's proposal for major federal actions?

The NEPA, or National Environmental Policy Act, establishes a clear framework for federal agencies to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of their proposed major federal actions. Following a proposal, the NEPA review process requires the completion of environmental reviews, which involve the preparation of Environmental Assessments (EAs) or Environmental Impact Statements (EISs). These documents systematically analyze the anticipated environmental consequences and alternatives to the proposed action, ensuring that decision-makers and the public are informed about potential impacts on air, water, wildlife, and other resources.

This review process is crucial in promoting transparency and public involvement in environmental decision-making, as it allows for thorough consideration of environmental factors before any federal action is taken. While public hearings, permit issuances, and interagency committees may play roles in specific contexts, the foundational requirement that characterizes the NEPA process is the environmental review, which is central to identifying and mitigating adverse environmental effects associated with federal actions.